CALL

                                                       History of CALL

• Behaviouristic-structural CALL

1. This mode of CALL featured repetitive language drills,referred to as drill and practice.
2. Computer was viewed as a mechanical tutor.
3. Best-known tutorial system ''PLATO''(extensive drills,grammatical explanation,translation texts)
4. Grammar Translation Method and Audio Lingual Method
5. role of computer ;Drill and practice
6. Repeated exposure to the same material is believed to be beneficial or even essential to learning.
7. Acomputer is ideal for carrying out repeated drills since the machine does not get bored with presenting the sama material and can provide immediate non-judgemental feedback.
8. A computer is used as a tutor,presenting materials and feedback on an individualized basis,allowing students to proceed at their own pace and freeing up class time for other activities.

•   Communicative - Cognitive  CALL

1. Behavioristic approaches were rejected when new personal computer were creating greater possibilities for individual work.
2. Computer -based activities should focus more an using forms than on the forms themselves,teach grammar implicitly   rather explicitly.
3. Communicative language teaching
4. role of computers;Communicative exercises
5. Computer are uesd to stimulate discussion,writing or critical thinking
6. Students are encouraged to generate original utterances rather than just manipulate prefabricated language.
7. Computer are used  as a  tool(e.g word processors,spelling and grammar checkers and concordancer)and the target language is used exclusively.   

  Integrative-Sociocognitive-Socioconstructive CALL

1. Many teachers were moving away from a cognitive view of communicative teaching to a more or social or socio-cognitive view,which placed greater emphasis on language use in authentic social context. 
2. Task-based,project based and content-based approaches all sought to integrate learners in authentic environments and also to integrate the various skills of language learning and use.
3. this led to a new perspective on technology and language learning which has been termed''integrative CALL'' which a perspective seeks both to integrate various skills (listening,speaking,reading,writing) and also integrate technology more fully into the language learning process.

                                            CALL Software

• must base on a language learning practice
• provide realistic,native speaker models of the language in a variety of media
• do a needs assessment
• record what the students has done,along with an evaluation
• provide practice with skill area

***Benefits of computer

• multimodal practice with feedback
• individualisation in large class 
• pair and small group work on project, either collobaratively or competitively
• the fun factor
• variety in the resources available and learning styles used
• explarotory learning with large amounts of language data.

Synchronous communication;

• interact at the same time(whatsapp)

Asynchronous communication

• e mail is asynchronous communication.E mail is most direct in that messages go directly to students individual mailbox.
• it is not same time and is not online.

                                           General Introduction

A learner uses computer and as a result ,improves his her language.

 Oppurtunity of computer:

learning efficiency

learning effectiveness

access

convenience

motivation

CALL and language skills

1-listening,speaking,pronunciation

• Today, learners can find authentic video and video to listen to for many language and culture.
• pairs or groups of students speaking to one anoyher as they sit in front of a computer engaged in a task or individual students using the computer to record their voice
• SKYPE and  VOIP allows audio and video
• learners use the computer to listen to native speaker's models and then record and compare their own voices .

2-Reading and Writing

• promote extensive reading
• contribute to a coherent cirriculum for students learning
• develop word processing skills in learners and use of text based.
• Google Docs = collaborrative writing
• Blogs and wikis=get their written product in front of an online audince.

3-Grammar  and vocabulary 

• hot potatoes;students construct their own grammar exercises using multiple choice
• grammar checkers; to improving grammatical comptence
• Call is electronic glossing as a support tool for both vocabulary development and reading comprehension.
• ''lextutor.ca'' which include vocabulary level tests,frequency analysers and many other utilities.
• The concordancer allows the user to select an item,word,phrase,search for examples of it within a particular corpus. (www.edict.com.hk/concordance)

    KILICKAYA,F.,&SEFEROĞLLU, G.(2013)The impact of Call instruction on English language teachers's use of technology in language teaching.

• the word is being leveled,the word is changing and stude ts are changing.
• Teachers may face a conflict of teaching and learning styles.
• Older teacher generally teach face to face and proceed in a logical or step-by-step basis.In contrast,younger students tend to jump around from one idea or thought to another and expect sensory-laden environments as a matter of course.
• Technology may affect the way we teach,the way we learn and affect teachers'choice of teaching and learning styles.
• CALL training should be provided to pre-service and in-service teacher.
• We are getting involved with technology and it is getting more present in daily life such as mobile phone,interactive videos and games.
• CALL technologies can support learning in a variety of ways provide feedback,enable pair and group work,promote exploratory and globsl lesrning,enhance student achievement,provide access to authentic materials,facilitate greater interaction, and motivate learners.     

                                 ESP WRITING: WEBLOGS OR WİKİS ?

• Weblogs and wikis are tools for improving writing skills in foreign language.
• Students create an online portfolia and publish their own work thanks to wikis and weblogs.

        A  wiki is a web page that can be viewed and modified by anbody online.In other words,any person can change its content.

        One of the most commonly  used wikis is Wikipedia.

        Wikipedia is an editable encylopedia online, the content may be modified or changed ,the information might be unreliable.

       A wiki is great tool for online collabrative writing activities,students can express and share their ideas in writing.

     Language teachers observe students' performance withing long-term interactive task.

      Wikis promote cooperation rather than competition.

      Students can use a wiki to develop research project.

     Students can add summaries of their thoughts from the prescribed reading.

how to use wiki ;  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dnL00TdmLY

                                            

                                        DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WIKI OR BLOG

• Wikis are designed for collobarative authoring by everyone.
• Blogs are more personal and generally written by a single author.
• Wikis organize information into topics
• Blogs organize information in chronological order.
• Wikis can edited  directly
• Blogs provide a mechanism for reader comment.The contents in blog belong to the owner.
• Wikis encourage knowledge sharing around topics.
• Blogs share spontoneus thoughts.

       PBworks:

• share information both inside and outside classroom.
• Create student accounts .
• easy editing
• team work
• share ,store files and discuss